I-Aluminiyam oxide: Iipropati, usetyenziso, kunye nokubaluleka

I-aluminium oxide, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-alumina, yikhemikhali eyenziwe nge-aluminiyam kunye ne-oksijini, kunye nefomula ethi Al₂O₃. Esi sixhobo sinezinto ezininzi ezimhlophe, ekristale edlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa.

Enye yezona mpawu zibalulekileyo ze-aluminium oxide bubunzima bayo obukhethekileyo. Ibeka i-9 kwisikali se-Mohs, iyenza enye yezona zinto zinzima ezikhoyo. Obu bunzima benza i-aluminiyam oxide ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokuqhola, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwisanti, amavili okusila, kunye nezixhobo zokusika. Ukuqina kwayo kuqinisekisa ukuba inokumelana nezicelo ezingqongqo, okwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo kwimveliso kunye nokwakhiwa.

Ukongeza kubulukhuni bayo, i-aluminium oxide nayo iyaziwa ngokuba yi-thermal kunye ne-electric insulating properties. Oku kuyenza ibe yimathiriyeli ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-elektroniki, apho isetyenziswa njenge-insulator kwi-capacitors kunye namanye amacandelo e-elektroniki. Ngaphezu koko, indawo yayo ephezulu yokunyibilika (malunga ne-2050 ° C okanye i-3722 ° F) ivumela ukuba isetyenziswe kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu, njengezinto eziphikisayo kwiziko kunye neetoni.

I-aluminium oxide isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukuveliswa kwesinyithi se-aluminium ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-Bayer, apho i-bauxite ore icocwe ukukhupha i-alumina. Le nkqubo ibalulekile kushishino lwe-aluminiyam, njengoko ibonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada efunekayo ukuveliswa kwemveliso yealuminiyam ekhaphukhaphu kunye ne-corrosion-resistant.

Ngaphezu koko, i-aluminiyam oxide inezicelo kwintsimi yeekeramics, apho isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ze-ceramic eziphezulu ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kubandakanya i-aerospace kunye nezixhobo ze-biomedical. I-biocompatibility yayo iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kukufakelwa kwamazinyo kunye neprosthetics.

Ukuqukumbela, i-aluminium oxide iyikhompawundi enezinto ezininzi ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, ezibandakanya ukuqina, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, kunye nokugquma kombane, kuyenza ibe yinto eyimfuneko kubuchwepheshe bale mihla kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Njengoko amashishini aqhubeka nokuguquka, ukubaluleka kwe-aluminium oxide kunokwenzeka ukuba kukhule, kuqiniswe ngakumbi indima yayo kwizinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso.