Kwisifundo esiphambili, abaphandi baye bajonga ukusebenza kakuhle kweempuphu ezahlukeneyo zesihluzo seemolekyuli kwicandelo lokuthintela umsi. Olu phando lujolise kuluhlu lweesihluzo zeemolekyuli, kuquka i-3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, kunye ne-MCM-41-Si, bejonge ukuchonga amandla azo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa komoya okuyingozi ngexesha leenkqubo zoshishino.
Ukucima umsi yinto exhalabisa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi, ingakumbi lawo aquka imisebenzi yobushushu obuphezulu efana nokusebenza ngentsimbi, ukuwelda, kunye nokwenziwa kweekhemikhali. Ukukhutshwa komsi kunokubangela iingozi ezinkulu kwimpilo yabasebenzi kwaye kunegalelo kungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, imfuneko yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokucima umsi ayizange ibe nkulu kangaka.
Ii-molecular seeves zizinto ezibukristale ezinobukhulu obufanayo bee-pore ezinokufunxa ii-molecules ngokukhetha ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kunye nokuma kwazo. Le propati ikhethekileyo izenza zibe zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukwahlulahlula igesi, i-catalysis, kwaye, njengoko olu phononongo lubonisa, ukuthintela umsi. Abaphandi bafuna ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwee-molecular see powders ezahlukeneyo ekubambeni nasekuthomalaliseni umsi onobungozi.
Olu phononongo luqale ngophononongo olupheleleyo lweempawu zeesieve zemolekyuli ezikhethiweyo. Iisieve ze-3A kunye ne-5A, ezaziwa ngokukwazi kwazo ukufunxa iimolekyuli ezincinci, zavavanywa ecaleni kweesieve ezinkulu zepore, ezifana ne-10X kunye ne-13X, ezinokwamkela iimolekyuli ezinkulu zegesi. Isieve se-NaY, uhlobo lwe-zeolite, naso safakwa ngenxa yendawo yaso ephezulu kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukutshintshiselana nge-ion. Ukongeza, ii-MCM-41 variants, i-MCM-41-Al kunye ne-MCM-41-Si, zakhethwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezizodwa ze-mesoporous, ezibonelela ngendlela eyahlukileyo yokufunxa xa kuthelekiswa nee-zeolite zemveli.
Isigaba sovavanyo sasibandakanya ukufaka iipowder zesihluzo se-molecular kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa umsi, ukulinganisa iimeko ezifumaneka kwiindawo zoshishino. Abaphandi balinganise ukusebenza kakuhle kwesihluzo ngasinye ekubambeni umsi, bahlalutya izinto ezifana nomthamo wokufunxa, izinga lokubamba umsi, kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi ekunciphiseni uxinano lwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni.
Iziphumo zokuqala zibonise ukuba ukusebenza kwezihluzo zemolekyuli kwahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kulwakhiwo lwazo kunye nolwakhiwo lwazo. Izihluzo ze-3A kunye ne-5A zibonise amandla amangalisayo ekufunxeni amasuntswana amancinci e-fume, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa apho izinto ezincinci zixhalabisayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izihluzo ezinkulu ze-pore, ngakumbi i-10X kunye ne-13X, zibalaseleyo ekubambeni iimolekyuli zegesi ezinkulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba zinokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezivelisa umsi onzima.
Isihluzo se-NaY sibonise iimpawu ezimangalisayo zokutshintshiselana kwee-ion, ezingaphuculanga kuphela ukusebenza kwayo kokubamba umsi kodwa zikwavumela ukuthomalalisa ezinye iikhompawundi ezinetyhefu. Olu phawu lubeka i-NaY njengomviwa othembisayo kumashishini ajongene nezinto ezinobungozi, apho zombini ucinezelo lomsi kunye nokuthomalalisa iikhemikhali kubalulekile.
I-MCM-41-Al kunye ne-MCM-41-Si, ezinezakhiwo zazo ezingaqhelekanga, zinike indlela eyahlukileyo yokuthintela umsi. Indawo yazo ephezulu kunye nobukhulu beembobo ezihlengahlengiswayo zivumele ukufunxwa okukhethekileyo kwezinto ezithile zomsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula umsi ekujoliswe kuzo. Olu phononongo lubonise amandla ezi zinto ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zokucoca eziphambili ezinokuzivumelanisa neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.
Njengoko uphando luqhubeka, iqela likwahlolisise amandla okuhlaziya izixhobo zokucoca iimolekyuli. Amandla okubuyisela amandla okufunxa izixhobo zokucoca emva kokusetyenziswa abalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kwazo ngokoqobo kwiindawo zoshishino. Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba uninzi lweezixhobo zokucoca ezivavanyiweyo zinokuvuselelwa ngempumelelo ngonyango lobushushu, okuvumela ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kakhulu kukusebenza.
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zidlulela ngaphaya kokuthintela umsi nje kuphela. Ngokuchonga nokusebenzisa kakuhle iipowder zesihluzo se-molecular, amashishini anokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wawo kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye aphucule ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukudibanisa ezi zinto kwiinkqubo zolawulo lomsi ezikhoyo kunokukhokelela kwizenzo ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo.
Ukuqukumbela, olu phononongo olutsha lukhanyisa amandla eempuphu zesihluzo semolekyuli njengeearhente ezisebenzayo zokuthintela umsi. Ngeempawu zazo ezizodwa kunye nobuchule, izihluzo ezifana ne-3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, kunye ne-MCM-41-Si zibonelela ngezisombululo ezithembisayo kwimingeni ebangelwa kukukhutshwa komoya okuyingozi kwiinkqubo zoshishino. Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka nokufuna iindlela zokusebenza ezizinzileyo nezikhuselekileyo, ulwazi olufunyenwe kolu phando lunokuvula indlela yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokulawula umsi ephucukileyo ebeka phambili impilo kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwezemfundo kunye namashishini kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuguqula ezi ziphumo zibe zizicelo ezisebenzayo, ekugqibeleni zibe negalelo kumhlaba wezoshishino ococekileyo nokhuselekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-19-2024
