I-ADORBENTS ZEMINERAL, II-AGENSI ZOKUHLUZA, NEE-AGENSI ZOKUSOMISA
Iisefu zemolekyuli ziziikristale zealuminosilicates zentsimbi ezinothungelwano olunemigangatho emithathu yothungelwano lwesilica kunye ne-alumina tetrahedra. Amanzi endalo e-hydration ayasuswa kule nethiwekhi ngokufudumeza ukuvelisa imingxuma efanayo ekhetha iimolekyuli zesayizi ethile.
I-4 ukuya kwi-8-mesh sieve isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicelo ze-gasphase, ngelixa i-8 ukuya kwi-12-mesh uhlobo luqhelekileyo kwizicelo ze-liquidphase. Iifom ze powder ze-3A, 4A, 5A kunye ne-13X sieves zifanelekile kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo.
Kudala yaziwa ngomthamo wazo wokomisa (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90 °C), iisefu zemolekyuli zisandula ukubonisa ukuba ziluncedo kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo, zihlala zivumela ukwahlulwa kweemveliso ezinqwenelekayo kwiindlela zokujongana nogutyulo olulawulwa lulingano olungathandekiyo jikelele. Ezi zeolite zokwenziwa ziye zaboniswa ukuba zisuse amanzi, i-alcohols (kubandakanywa i-methanol kunye ne-ethanol), kunye ne-HCl kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-ketimine kunye ne-enamine syntheses, i-ester condensations, kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-aldehydes e-unsaturated kwi-polyenals.
| Uhlobo | 3A |
| Ukuqamba | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O : 1 Al2O3 : 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2 : x H2O |
| Inkcazo | Ifom ye-3A yenziwe ngokufaka i-potassium cations kwi-ion yesodium engokwemvelo yesakhiwo se-4A, ukunciphisa ubungakanani bepore obusebenzayo ukuya ku- ~3Å, ngaphandle kwe-diameter >3Å, umz., i-ethane. |
| Izicelo ezingundoqo | Ukuchithwa kwezorhwebo kwimifudlana ye-hydrocarbon engasebenziyo, kubandakanywa negesi eqhekekileyo, ipropylene, i-butadiene, i-acetylene; ukomisa ulwelo olumhlophe olufana ne-methanol kunye ne-ethanol. I-Adsorption yeemolekyuli ezifana ne-NH3 kunye ne-H2O ukusuka kwi-N2 / H2 flow. Ithathwa njengenjongo jikelele yokomisa kwimithombo yeendaba emhlophe kunye ne-nonpolar. |
| Uhlobo | 4A |
| Ukuqamba | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2 : x H2O |
| Inkcazo | Le fomu yesodium imele uhlobo A lwentsapho ye-molecular sieves. Ukuvuleka komngxuma osebenzayo yi-4Å, ngoko ke akuquki iimolekyuli zedayamitha esebenzayo >4Å, umzekelo, ipropane. |
| Izicelo ezingundoqo | Kukhethwa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okumileyo kwiinkqubo zolwelo ezivaliweyo okanye zerhasi, umz., ekupakishweni kwamachiza, amacandelo ombane kunye neekhemikhali ezinokonakala; ukukhupha amanzi kwiinkqubo zokuprinta kunye neeplastiki kunye nokomisa imijelo ye-hydrocarbon egcweleyo.Iintlobo ze-Adsorbed ziquka i-SO2, i-CO2, i-H2S, i-C2H4, i-C2H6, kunye ne-C3H6. Ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njenge-arhente yokomisa jikelele kwimithombo yeendaba emhlophe kunye ne-nonpolar. |
| Uhlobo | 5A |
| Ukuqamba | 0.80 CaO : 0.20 Na2O : 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Inkcazo | Idivalent calcium ion endaweni yesodium cations zinika imingxuma engu ~5Å engabandakanyi iimolekyuli zediameter esebenzayo >5Å, umz., zonke i-4-carbon rings, kunye ne-iso-compounds. |
| Izicelo ezingundoqo | Ukwahlulwa kweeparafini eziqhelekileyo kwi-branched-chain kunye ne-cyclic hydrocarbons; ukususwa kwe-H2S, i-CO2 kunye ne-mercaptans kwigesi yendalo. Iimolekyuli ze-adsorbed ziquka i-nC4H10, i-nC4H9OH, i-C3H8 ukuya kwi-C22H46, kunye ne-dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| Uhlobo | 13X |
| Ukuqamba | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3 : 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2 : xH2O |
| Inkcazo | Ifom ye-sodium imele isiseko sohlobo lwe-X yosapho, kunye nokuvulwa kwepore okusebenzayo kwi-910¼ uluhlu. Awuyi adsorb(C4F9)3N, umzekelo. |
| Izicelo ezingundoqo | Ukomisa igesi yorhwebo, ukuhlanjululwa kwezityalo zomoya (i-H2O ngaxeshanye kunye nokususwa kwe-CO2) kunye ne-hydrocarbon engamanzi / igesi yendalo emnandi (i-H2S kunye nokususwa kwe-mercaptan). |
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-16-2023
