I-ADSORBENTS ZEEMBINER, II-Agents ZEZIHLUZO, NEE-Agents ZOKUMISA
Izihluzo zemolekyuli zii-aluminosilicate zesinyithi ezikristale ezinenethiwekhi yokudibanisa enemilinganiselo emithathu ye-silica kunye ne-alumina tetrahedra. Amanzi endalo okufunxa amanzi asuswa kule nethiwekhi ngokufudumeza ukuze kuveliswe imingxunya efanayo efunxa iimolekyuli zobukhulu obuthile.
Isihluzo esineemesh ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-8 sidla ngokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ze-gasphase, ngelixa uhlobo lwe-8 ukuya kwezi-12 luxhaphakile kwizicelo ze-liquidphase. Iifom zomgubo ze-3A, 4A, 5A kunye ne-13X sifanelekile kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo.
Kudala zisaziwa ngamandla azo okomisa (nokuba kufikelele kwi-90 °C), izihluzo zemolekyuli zibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo zezinto eziphilayo, zivumela rhoqo ukwahlulwa kweemveliso ezifunekayo kwiimpendulo zokufuma ezilawulwa kukulingana okungalunganga ngokubanzi. Ezi zeolite zokwenziwa zibonakalisiwe ukuba zisusa amanzi, ii-alcohols (kuquka i-methanol kunye ne-ethanol), kunye ne-HCl kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-ketimine kunye ne-enamine syntheses, ii-ester condensations, kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-unsaturated aldehydes zibe yi-polyenals.
| Uhlobo | 3A |
| Ukwakhiwa | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2: x H2O |
| Inkcazo | Uhlobo lwe-3A lwenziwa ngokufaka ii-potassium cations endaweni yee-ion ze-sodium ezingaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-4A, kunciphisa ubungakanani be-pore obusebenzayo ukuya kwi-~3Å, ngaphandle kobubanzi >3Å, umz., i-ethane. |
| Izicelo Eziphambili | Ukuncitshiswa kwamanzi kwimithombo ye-hydrocarbon engagcwaliyo ngokwezorhwebo, kuquka igesi eqhekekileyo, i-propylene, i-butadiene, i-acetylene; ukomisa ulwelo olufana ne-methanol kunye ne-ethanol. Ukufunxwa kwee-molecule ezifana ne-NH3 kunye ne-H2O ukusuka kumsinga we-N2/H2. Ithathwa njenge-arhente yokomisa eqhelekileyo kwimidiya ye-polar kunye ne-nonpolar. |
| Uhlobo | 4A |
| Ukwakhiwa | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2 : x H2O |
| Inkcazo | Olu hlobo lwesodium lumele uhlobo lwentsapho ye-A yee-molecular seeves. Ukuvulwa kweembobo ezisebenzayo yi-4Å, ngaloo ndlela kungabikho iimolekyuli ezinobubanzi obusebenzayo >4Å, umz., ipropane. |
| Izicelo Eziphambili | Ikhethwa kakhulu xa ingasetyenziswa emzimbeni ngendlela engashukumiyo kwiinkqubo zolwelo okanye zegesi ezivaliweyo, umz., xa kupakishwa amayeza, izinto zombane kunye neekhemikhali ezibolayo; ukufunxwa kwamanzi kwiinkqubo zokuprinta nezeplastiki kunye nokumisa imilambo ye-hydrocarbon eyomileyo. Iintlobo ezifunxwayo ziquka i-SO2, i-CO2, i-H2S, i-C2H4, i-C2H6, kunye ne-C3H6. Ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengearhente yokomisa eqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezikwi-polar nakwi-nonpolar media. |
| Uhlobo | 5A |
| Ukwakhiwa | 0.80 CaO : 0.20 Na2O : 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Inkcazo | Ii-ion ze-calcium ezidivalent endaweni yee-sodium cations zinika ii-apertures ze-~5Å ezingabandakanyi iimolekyuli ezinobubanzi obusebenzayo >5Å, umz., zonke iiringi ze-4-carbon, kunye nee-iso-compounds. |
| Izicelo Eziphambili | Ukwahlulwa kweeparafini eziqhelekileyo kwi-branched-chain kunye ne-cyclic hydrocarbons; ukususwa kwe-H2S, i-CO2 kunye ne-mercaptans kwigesi yendalo. Iimolekyuli ezifakwe kwi-nC4H10, i-nC4H9OH, i-C3H8 ukuya kwi-C22H46, kunye ne-dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| Uhlobo | 13X |
| Ukwakhiwa | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3 : 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2 : xH2O |
| Inkcazo | Uhlobo lwesodium lumele ulwakhiwo olusisiseko losapho lohlobo lwe-X, olunesithuba esisebenzayo sokuvuleka kwemingxuma kuluhlu lwe-910¼. Ayizukuyifunxa (C4F9)3N, umzekelo. |
| Izicelo Eziphambili | Ukomisa igesi kurhwebo, ukucocwa kokutya kwezityalo ngomoya (ukususwa kwe-H2O kunye ne-CO2 ngaxeshanye) kunye nokufaka incasa ye-hydrocarbon/yendalo elulwelo (ukususwa kwe-H2S kunye ne-mercaptan). |
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-16-2023
