Ngenxa yokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwamandla okucocwa kwehlabathi, imigangatho yemveliso yeoyile eqinayo, kunye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yezinto ezikrwada zamakhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibangela ukucocwa kweoyile kuye kwaba sendleleni yokukhula okuzinzileyo. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhula okukhawulezayo kukwiimeko zoqoqosho ezintsha nakumazwe asakhasayo.
Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza, iimveliso kunye nezakhiwo zezixhobo zefektri nganye yokuhluza, ukusetyenziswa kweekhatalysts ezijolise ngakumbi ukufumana imveliso efanelekileyo okanye izinto eziluhlaza zekhemikhali, ukukhetha iikhatalysts ezinokuziqhelanisa ngcono okanye ukukhetha kunokusombulula iingxaki eziphambili zefektri ezahlukeneyo zokuhluza kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, e-Asia Pacific, e-Afrika nakuMbindi Mpuma, ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kunye nesantya sokukhula kwazo zonke izinto ezibangela ukonakala, kubandakanya ukucocwa, ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization, ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, njl.njl. ziphezulu kunezo zemimandla ephuhlileyo eYurophu nase-United States.
Kwixesha elizayo, ukwandiswa kwe-hydrogenation yepetroli kuya kuba yeyona inkulu, kulandele i-hydrogenation ye-middle distillate, i-FCC, i-isomerization, i-hydrocracking, i-hydrogenation ye-naphtha, i-hydrogenation yeoyile enzima (i-oyile eseleyo), i-alkylation (i-superposition), i-reforming, njl.njl., kwaye imfuno ye-catalyst ehambelana nayo iya kwanda ngokufanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemijikelo eyahlukeneyo yokusetyenziswa kwee-catalysts ezahlukeneyo zokucoca ioyile, ubungakanani bee-catalysts zokucoca ioyile abunakunyuka ngokwanda komthamo. Ngokwezibalo zentengiso yemarike, uninzi lwentengiso zii-catalysts ze-hydrogenation (ukulungisa amanzi kunye ne-hydrocracking, ezibalelwa kwi-46% yetotali iyonke), kulandele ii-catalysts ze-FCC (40%), kulandele ii-catalysts zokuguqula (8%), ii-alkylation catalysts (5%) kunye nezinye (1%).
Nazi iimpawu eziphambili ze-catalysts ezivela kwiinkampani ezininzi ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela:
Iinkampani ezili-10 ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela
1. UGrace Davison, eMelika
IGrace Corporation yasekwa ngo-1854 kwaye inekomkhulu layo eColumbia, eMaryland. IGrace Davidson yinkokeli yehlabathi kuphando kunye nokuveliswa kwee-catalysts ze-FCC kwaye ngumthengisi omkhulu kwihlabathi wee-FCC kunye nee-hydrogenation catalysts.
Le nkampani ineeyunithi ezimbini zokusebenza kweshishini lehlabathi, iGrace Davison kunye neGrace Specialty Chemicals, kunye namacandelo asibhozo emveliso. Ishishini likaGrace Davidson liquka ii-catalysts ze-FCC, ii-catalysts ezisebenzisa amanzi, ii-catalysts ezikhethekileyo ezibandakanya ii-catalysts ze-polyolefin kunye nee-catalysts ezithwala i-catalysts, kunye nezixhobo zobunjineli ezisekelwe kwi-silicon okanye kwi-silical-aluminium zokugquma imidiya yedijithali kumaphepha okuprinta emizi-mveliso, abathengi, kunye ne-inkjet. Ishishini le-catalyst elisebenzisa amanzi liqhutywa yi-ART, inkampani edibeneyo.
2, Iqela leekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo zaseMelika i-Albemarle (ALbemarle)
Ngo-1887, iArbel Paper Company yasekwa eRichmond, eVirginia.
Ngowama-2004, ishishini le-Akzo-Nobel Oil refined catalysts lathengwa, langena ngokusesikweni kwicandelo le-oil refined catalysts, laza laseka iyunithi yeshishini le-catalysts ene-polyolefin catalysts; laba ngumvelisi wesibini ngobukhulu we-FCC catalysts emhlabeni.
Okwangoku, inezityalo zemveliso ezingaphezu kwama-20 eMntla Melika, eYurophu, eMbindi Mpuma, eMzantsi Melika, eJapan naseTshayina.
I-Arpels inamaziko ophando nophuhliso asi-8 kumazwe ama-5 kunye neeofisi zokuthengisa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-40. Yeyona mveliso inkulu kwihlabathi ye-brominated flame retardants, equka ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, amayeza, iimveliso zezolimo, ishishini leemoto, izinto zokwakha kunye nokupakisha.
Ishishini eliphambili liquka izongezo zepolymer, ii-catalysts kunye ne-fine chemistry.
Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zezongezo zepolymer: izinto ezithintela ilangatye, ii-antioxidants, izinto eziphilisayo kunye nezinto ezizinzisayo;
Ishishini leCatalyst linamacandelo amathathu: i-refine catalyst, i-polyolefin catalyst, i-chemical catalyst;
Iikhemikhali ezintle Ulwakhiwo lweshishini: iikhemikhali ezisebenzayo (iipeyinti, i-alumina), iikhemikhali ezintle (iikhemikhali zebromine, iikhemikhali ze-oyile) kunye nezinye izinto eziphakathi (amayeza, izibulali-zinambuzane).
Phakathi kwamacandelo amathathu oshishino lwenkampani i-Alpels, ingeniso yonyaka yentengiso yezongezo ze-polymer yayiyeyona inkulu, ilandelwa zii-catalysts, kwaye ingeniso yentengiso yeekhemikhali ezintle yayincinci, kodwa kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ingeniso yonyaka yentengiso yeshishini le-catalyst inyuke kancinci kancinci, kwaye ukusukela ngo-2008, idlule ishishini lezongezo ze-polymer.
Ishishini leCatalyst lelona candelo liphambili leshishini le-Arpell. I-Arpels ngumthengisi wesibini ngobukhulu kwihlabathi wee-hydrotreating catalysts (i-30% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi) kwaye ngomnye wababoneleli abathathu abaphambili be-catalyst cracking catalysts ehlabathini.
3. Iikhemikhali zeDow
I-Dow Chemical yinkampani yeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ephethe ikomkhulu layo eMichigan, eMelika, eyasekwa ngo-1897 nguHerbert Henry Dow. Isebenza kwiziseko zemveliso ezingama-214 kumazwe angama-37, ineentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-5,000 zeemveliso, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwe-10 ezifana neemoto, izixhobo zokwakha, umbane, kunye namayeza. Ngo-2009, i-Dow ibekwe kwindawo ye-127 kwi-Fortune Global 500 kunye ne-34 kwi-Fortune National 500. Ngokweempahla zizonke, yinkampani yesibini ngobukhulu yeekhemikhali emhlabeni, ilandela i-DuPont Chemical yase-United States; Ngokwengeniso yonyaka, ikwayinkampani yesibini ngobukhulu yeekhemikhali emhlabeni, emva kwe-BASF yaseJamani; Ngaphezulu kwabasebenzi abangama-46,000 kwihlabathi liphela; Yahlulwe yangamacandelo asixhenxe eshishini ngohlobo lwemveliso: Iiplastiki ezisebenzayo, iikhemikhali ezisebenzayo, iiSayensi zezoLimo, iiplastiki, iikhemikhali ezisisiseko, iihydrocarbons kunye namandla, i-Venture Capital. Ishishini leCatalysts liyinxalenye yecandelo leekhemikhali ezisebenzayo.
Iikhatalysts zeDow ziquka: i-NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst; i-METEOR™ catalysts ye-ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; iikhatalysts ze-SHAC™ kunye ne-SHAC™ ADT polypropylene; i-DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol A catalyst; Yiyona mveliso iphambili kwihlabathi yeekhatalysts ze-polypropylene.
4. I-ExxonMobil
I-Exxonmobil yeyona nkampani inkulu yeoyile kwihlabathi, enekomkhulu layo eTexas, eMelika. Le nkampani, eyayisaziwa ngokuba yi-Exxon Corporation kunye ne-Mobil Corporation, yadityaniswa yaza yahlelwa ngokutsha ngoNovemba 30, 1999. Le nkampani ikwayinkampani engumzali we-ExxonMobil, i-Mobil kunye ne-Esso kwihlabathi liphela.
Yasekwa ngo-1882, i-Exxon yeyona nkampani inkulu yeoyile eMelika kwaye yenye yeenkampani ezisixhenxe ezinkulu nezindala zeoyile emhlabeni. Yasekwa ngo-1882, i-Mobil Corporation yinkampani ebanzi yamazwe ngamazwe edibanisa uphando nophuhliso, ukucocwa kunye nomzi-mveliso we-petrochemical.
I-Exxon kunye ne-Mobil zinekomkhulu eliphezulu eHouston, ikomkhulu elisezantsi eFairfax, kunye nekomkhulu leenkampani e-Irving, eTexas. I-Exxon ine-70% yenkampani kwaye i-Mobil ine-30%. I-Exxonmobil, ngokusebenzisa amaqabane ayo, ngoku isebenza kumazwe amalunga nama-200 kunye nemimandla kwihlabathi liphela kwaye iqeshe abantu abangaphezu kwama-80,000.
Iimveliso eziphambili ze-Exxonmobil ziquka ioyile negesi, iimveliso zeoyile kunye neemveliso zepetrochemical, yeyona mveliso inkulu ye-olefins monomer kunye ne-polyolefin ehlabathini, kuquka i-ethylene, i-propylene, i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene; Ishishini le-catalysts liphethwe yi-ExxonMobil Chemical. I-Exxonmobil Chemical yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane eshishini: ii-polymers, iifilimu ze-polymer, iimveliso zeekhemikhali kunye netekhnoloji, kwaye ii-catalysts zezona ziphantsi kwecandelo letekhnoloji.
I-UNIVATION, intsebenziswano engama-50-50 phakathi kwe-ExxonMobil kunye neDow Chemical Company, inetekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-UNIPOL™ polyethylene kunye nee-polyolefin catalysts ezibizwa ngokuba yi-UCAT™ kunye ne-XCAT™.
5. Inkampani yeMveliso yeoyile yeHlabathi ye-UOP
Yasekwa ngo-1914 kwaye inekomkhulu eDesprine, e-Illinois, iGlobal Oil Products yinkampani yehlabathi. Ngomhla wama-30 kweyeNkanga ngo-2005, i-UOP yaba yinkampani ephethwe ngokupheleleyo yiHoneywell njengenxalenye yeshishini lezinto ezikhethekileyo zeHoneywell.
I-UOP isebenza ngamacandelo asibhozo: amandla avuselelekayo kunye neekhemikhali, ii-adsorbents, iimveliso ezikhethekileyo nezenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukucocwa kwepetroleum, ii-Aromatics kunye nee-derivatives, ii-alkyl benzene ezithe ngqo kunye nee-olefins eziphambili, ii-olefins ezikhanyayo kunye nezixhobo, ukucutshungulwa kwegesi yendalo, kunye neenkonzo.
I-UOP ibonelela ngoyilo, ubunjineli, iinkonzo zokubonisana, iilayisenisi kunye neenkonzo, iteknoloji yenkqubo kunye nokuveliswa kwee-catalysts, ii-molecular seeves, ii-adsorbents kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokucoca i-petroleum, i-petrochemical kunye ne-natural gas processing industry, kunye neelayisenisi zobuchwepheshe ezingama-65 ezikhoyo.
I-UOP yeyona nkampani inkulu ehlabathini ethengisa i-zeolite kunye ne-aluminium phosphate zeolite enemveliso ze-zeolite ezingaphezu kwe-150 zokususa amanzi, ukususa ukungcola okuncinci kunye nokwahlula imveliso yegesi yokucocisa kunye nezinto zolwelo. Umthamo wonyaka wemveliso yesihluzo se-molecular ufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-70,000. Kwicandelo le-molecule singers, i-UOP ibamba i-70% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi.
I-UOP ikwangumvelisi omkhulu we-alumina kwihlabathi liphela, kunye neemveliso eziquka i-pseudo-alumina, i-beta-alumina, i-gamma-alumina kunye ne-α-alumina, ebonelela nge-alumina esebenzayo kunye ne-aluminium/silica-aluminum spherical carriers.
I-UOP ineepatenti ezingaphezu kwama-9,000 kwihlabathi liphela kwaye yakhe izixhobo eziphantse zibe ngama-4,000 isebenzisa iipatenti zayo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-80. Amashumi amathandathu ekhulwini epetroli yehlabathi iveliswa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-UOP. Phantse isiqingatha seesepha ezinokubola emhlabeni ziveliswa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-UOP. Kwiinkqubo zokucoca eziphambili ezingama-36 ezisetyenziswa kushishino lweoyile ngoku, ezingama-31 zenziwe yi-UOP. Okwangoku, i-UOP ivelisa malunga ne-100 yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-catalyst kunye ne-adsorbent zobuchwepheshe bayo obunelayisenisi kunye nezinye iinkampani, ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokucoca ezifana nokuguqula, i-isomerization, i-hydrocracking, i-hydrofining kunye ne-oxidative desulphurization, kunye nakwiindawo ze-petrochemical kubandakanya ukuveliswa kwe-aromatics (benzene, toluene kunye ne-xylene), i-propylene, i-butene, i-ethylbenzene, i-styrene, i-isopropylbenzene kunye ne-cyclohexane.
Iikhatalyst eziphambili ze-UOP ziquka: i-catalytic reforming catalyst, i-C4 isomerization catalyst, i-C5 kunye ne-C6 isomerization catalyst, i-xylene isomerization catalyst, i-hydrocracking catalyst ineentlobo ezimbini ze-hydrocracking kunye ne-mild hydrocracking, i-hydrotreating catalyst, i-oil desulfurization agent, i-sulfur recovery, i-tail gas conversion kunye nezinye ii-oil refined adsorbents.
6, inkampani ye-ART yaseMelika yetekhnoloji yokucoca ephucukileyo
I-Advanced Refining Technologies yasekwa ngo-2001 njengentsebenziswano yama-50-50 phakathi kweChevron Oil Products kunye neGrace-Davidson. I-ART yasekwa ukuze idibanise amandla etekhnoloji eGrace kunye neChevron ukuphuhlisa nokuthengisa ii-hydrogenation catalysts kwishishini lokucokisa lehlabathi, kwaye yeyona mveliso inkulu ye-hydrogenation catalysts kwihlabathi, ebonelela ngaphezu kwama-50% ee-hydrogenation catalysts zehlabathi.
I-ART iqhagamshela iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zayo ngamasebe okuthengisa kunye neeofisi zeGrace Corporation kunye neChevron Corporation kwihlabathi liphela.
I-ART inezityalo ezine zokuvelisa i-catalyst kunye neziko elinye lophando lwe-catalyst. I-ART ivelisa i-catalysts zokukhupha i-hydrocracking, i-hydrocracking encinci, i-isomerization dewaxing, i-isomerization reforming kunye ne-hydrofining.
Izinto eziphambili ezibangela ukonakala ziquka i-Isocracking® ye-isomerization, i-Isofinishing® ye-isomerization, i-hydrocracking, i-mild hydrocracking, i-hydrofining, i-hydrotreating, i-residual hydrotreating.
7. I-Univation Inc
I-Univation, eyasekwa ngo-1997 kwaye inekomkhulu eliseHouston, eTexas, yintsebenziswano ye-50:50 phakathi kwe-ExxonMobil Chemical Company kunye ne-Dow Chemical Company.
I-Univation igxile ekudluliseleni ubuchwepheshe be-UNIPOL™ fumed polyethylene kunye nee-catalysts, kwaye yinkampani ekhokelayo kwihlabathi liphela enikezela ngelayisenisi yetekhnoloji kunye nomthengisi wehlabathi wee-catalysts kushishino lwe-polyethylene. Yinkampani yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni evelisa kwaye inika umthengisi wee-catalysts ze-polyethylene, ethatha i-30% yemarike yehlabathi. Ii-catalysts zenkampani zenziwa kwizakhiwo zayo zaseMont Belvieu, eSeadrift naseFreeport eTexas.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-polyethylene ye-Univation, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-UNIPOL™, okwangoku inemigca yemveliso ye-polyethylene engaphezu kwe-100 esebenzayo okanye esakhiwayo kusetyenziswa i-UNIPOL™ kumazwe angama-25, ebalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-25% yenani lilonke lehlabathi.
Iikhatalyst eziphambili zezi: 1) i-UCAT™ chromium catalyst kunye ne-Ziegler-Natta catalyst; 2) i-XCAT™ metallocene catalyst, igama lorhwebo i-EXXPOL; 3) i-PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) i-UT™ deaeration catalyst.
8. I-BASF
Ikomkhulu layo liseMunich, eJamani, iBASF yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zeekhemikhali ezidityanisiweyo kwihlabathi ezineemveliso ezingaphezu kwama-8,000, kuquka iikhemikhali ezinexabiso eliphezulu, iiplastiki, iidayi, izinto zokugquma iimoto, izinto zokukhusela izityalo, amayeza, iikhemikhali ezintle, ioyile negesi.
I-Basf yeyona mveliso inkulu kwihlabathi ye-anhydride yamaleic, i-acrylic acid, i-aniline, i-caprolactam kunye ne-styrene ene-foamed. I-Polypropylene, i-polystyrene, i-hydroxyl alcohol kunye nezinye iimveliso zibekwe kwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi; i-Ethylbenzene, amandla okuvelisa i-styrene abekwe kwindawo yesithathu kwihlabathi. I-Basf yenye yezona nkampani zithengisa izongezo zokutya, kubandakanya ii-mono-vitamins, ii-multivitamins, ii-carotenoids, ii-lysines, ii-enzymes kunye nezigcini zokutya.
I-Basf ineeyunithi ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo zoshishino: iiKhemikhali, iiPlastiki, izisombululo ezisebenzayo, iimveliso zokusebenza, iikhemikhali zezolimo kunye neoyile negesi.
I-Basf yeyona nkampani ikuphela kwayo ehlabathini egubungela lonke ishishini le-catalyst, ineentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zee-catalysts. Ibandakanya ikakhulu: i-catalyst yokucoca ioyile (i-catalyst ye-FCC), i-catalyst yemoto, i-catalyst yekhemikhali (i-catalyst ye-chromium yobhedu kunye ne-catalyst ye-ruthenium, njl.njl.), i-catalyst yokukhusela okusingqongileyo, i-catalyst yokususa i-hydrogenation kunye ne-catalyst yokucoca i-dehydrogenation.
IBasf ngumvelisi wesibini ngobukhulu we-FCC catalysts emhlabeni, malunga ne-12% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi sokucoca ii-catalysts.
9. Inkampani yeoyile yaseBritane iBP
I-BP yenye yeenkampani zeoyile ezinkulu zehlabathi ezidityanisiweyo nezisezantsi, ezinekomkhulu eliseLondon, e-UK; Ishishini lenkampani ligubungela amazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kunye nemimandla, kubandakanya uphando kunye nemveliso yeoyile negesi, ukucocwa kunye nokuthengiswa, amandla avuselelekayo amacandelo amathathu aphambili; I-BP yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu oshishino: Ukuhlolwa kunye neMveliso yeoyile negesi, ukuCocwa kunye nokuThengiswa, kunye namanye amashishini (amandla avuselelekayo kunye noLwandle). Ishishini le-BP lee-catalysts liyinxalenye yeCandelo lokuCocwa kunye nokuThengiswa.
Iimveliso zePetrochemical ziquka iindidi ezimbini, udidi lokuqala ziimveliso ze-aromatic kunye ne-acetic acid series, ikakhulu kuquka i-PTA, i-PX kunye ne-acetic acid; Udidi lwesibini yi-olefins kunye ne-derivatives zazo, ikakhulu kuquka i-ethylene, i-propylene kunye neemveliso ze-derivatives ezisezantsi. I-BP's PTA (izinto eziphambili zokwenziwa kwe-polyester), i-PX (izinto eziphambili zokwenziwa kwe-PTA) kunye nomthamo wokwenziwa kwe-acetic acid zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi. I-BP iphuhlise iteknoloji enelungelo lobunikazi yokwenziwa kwe-PX ngokusekelwe kwi-catalyst yayo ye-isomerization kunye netekhnoloji ye-crystallization esebenzayo. I-BP inetekhnoloji enelungelo lobunikazi ephambili yokwenziwa kwe-Cativa® acetic acid.
Ishishini le-BP le-olefins kunye ne-derivatives lifumaneka kakhulu eTshayina naseMalaysia.
10, iSud-Chemie German Southern Chemical Company
Yasekwa ngo-1857, iSouthern Chemical Company yinkampani edumileyo yamazwe ngamazwe ethengisa iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo, eneemveliso ezintsha kakhulu, enembali engaphezu kweminyaka eli-150, ekomkhulu layo liseMunich, eJamani.
I-Nanfang Chemical Company inazo ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo iinkampani ezingama-77 ezincedisayo, kuquka iinkampani zasekhaya ezi-5 eJamani, iinkampani zangaphandle ezingama-72, ngokulandelelanayo ziphantsi kwecandelo le-adsorbent kunye ne-catalyst ezimbini, ze-petrochemical, i-processing yokutya, iimpahla zabathengi, i-casting, unyango lwamanzi, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye izimboni ukubonelela ngemveliso ye-catalyst esebenzayo ephezulu, i-adsorbent kunye ne-additives kunye nezisombululo.
Ishishini le-catalyst leNanfang Chemical Company liphantsi kweCandelo le-catalyst. Eli candelo liquka iCatalyst Technology, Energy kunye ne-Environment.
Icandelo leCatalyst Technology lahlulwe langamaqela amane ehlabathi oshishino: ii-chemical reaction catalysts, ii-petrochemical catalysts, ii-oil refined catalysts kunye nee-polymerization catalysts.
Iindidi ze-catalyst zeNanfang Chemical ziquka ikakhulu: i-catalyst yokucoca izinto eziluhlaza, i-petroisincedisi sekhemikhali, isincedisi sekhemikhali, isincedisi sokucoca ioyile, isincedisi sokupholisa i-olefin, isincedisi sokucoca umoya, isincedisi seeseli zamafutha.
Qaphela: Okwangoku, iSouthern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie) ithengiwe yiClariant!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-17-2023
