Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo komgangatho wokusulungekiswa kwehlabathi, imigangatho yemveliso yeoli eyandayo engqongqo, kunye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yemathiriyeli ekrwada yeekhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucokisa bekwindlela yokukhula engaguqukiyo.Phakathi kwazo, olona lwando lukhawulezayo lukwimeko yezoqoqosho entsha nakumazwe asakhasayo.
Ngenxa yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli, iimveliso kunye nezixhobo zesixhobo sokucokisa nganye, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezijolise ngakumbi ukufumana imveliso efanelekileyo okanye izixhobo zemichiza ekrwada, ukhetho lwee-catalysts ezinokuguquguquka okungcono okanye ukukhetha kunokusombulula iingxaki eziphambili zokucoca kunye nokucocwa. izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, e-Asia Pacific, e-Afrika nakuMbindi Mpuma, isixa sokusetyenziswa kunye nesantya sokukhula kwazo zonke ii-catalysts, kubandakanya ukusulungekiswa, i-polymerization, i-chemical synthesis, njl njl.
Kwixesha elizayo, ukwandiswa kwe-petroli ye-hydrogenation kuya kuba kukhulu, kulandelwa yi-distillate hydrogenation ephakathi, i-FCC, i-isomerization, i-hydrocracking, i-naphtha hydrogenation, i-oyile enzima (i-oyile eseleyo) i-hydrogenation, i-alkylation (i-superposition), i-reforming, njl. Imfuno ye-catalyst nayo iya kunyuka ngokuhambelanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemijikelo eyahlukeneyo yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokusulungekisa ioyile, isixa sezinto zokucoca ioyile ayinakonyuka ngokwandiswa komthamo.Ngokwezibalo zentengiso yeemarike, intengiso eninzi i-hydrogenation catalysts (i-hydrotreating kunye ne-hydrocracking, i-accounting ye-46% yetotali), ilandelwa yi-FCC catalysts (40%), ilandelwa yi-catalysts yokuguqula (8%), i-alkylation catalysts (5%). kunye nabanye (1%).
Nazi iimpawu eziphambili zee-catalysts ezivela kwiinkampani ezininzi ezaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe:
Iinkampani ezili-10 ezaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe
1. UGrace Davison, eMelika
IGrace Corporation yasekwa ngo-1854 kwaye ikomkhulu layo likwi-Columbia, eMaryland.UGrace Davidson yinkokeli yehlabathi kuphando kunye nemveliso ye-FCC catalysts kwaye ungoyena mthengisi mkhulu wehlabathi weFCC kunye ne-hydrogenation catalysts.
Inkampani ineeyunithi ezimbini zokusebenza kweshishini lehlabathi, uGrace Davison kunye noGrace Specialty Chemicals, kunye nezahlulo zemveliso ezisibhozo.Ishishini likaGrace Davidson libandakanya i-FCC catalysts, i-hydrotreating catalysts, ii-catalysts ezikhethekileyo ezibandakanya i-polyolefin catalysts kunye nabathwali be-catalyst, kunye ne-silicon-based or silical-aluminiyam-based based engineering materials for digital media coatings kwi-industrial, abathengi, kunye namaphepha okushicilela e-inkjet.Ishishini le-hydrotreating catalyst liqhutywa yi-ART, inkampani yendibaniselwano.
2, Albemarle American iikhemikhali ezizodwa (ALbemarle) Group
Ngowe-1887, iNkampani yePhepha leArbel yasekwa eRichmond, eVirginia.
Ngo-2004, ishishini le-Akzo-Nobel Oil refining catalyst lafunyanwa, langena ngokusemthethweni kwintsimi ye-oyile yokusulungekisa i-oyile, kwaye yenze iyunithi yoshishino ye-catalyst kunye ne-polyolefin catalysts;Yiba ngumvelisi wesibini omkhulu weFCC emhlabeni.
Okwangoku, inezityalo ezingaphezu kwe-20 zokuvelisa eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma, eMzantsi Melika, eJapan naseTshayina.
I-Arpels inamaziko angama-8 e-R&D kumazwe angama-5 kunye neeofisi zokuthengisa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-40.Yeyona mveliso inkulu ehlabathini yee-brominated flame retardants, ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla, i-electronics, amayeza, iimveliso zezolimo, ishishini leemoto, ulwakhiwo kunye nemathiriyeli yokupakisha.
Ishishini eliphambili libandakanya izongezo zepolymer, ii-catalysts kunye ne-fine chemistry amacandelo amathathu.
Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zezongezo ze-polymer: i-flame retardants, i-antioxidants, i-ejenti yokunyanga kunye ne-stabilizers;
Ishishini le-Catalyst linamacandelo amathathu: i-catalyst yokucoca, i-polyolefin catalyst, i-chemical catalyst;
Iikhemikhali ezilungileyo Ukubunjwa kweshishini: iikhemikhali ezisebenzayo (ipeyinti, i-alumina), iikhemikhali ezintle (iikhemikhali ze-bromine, iikhemikhali ze-oilfield) kunye neziphakathi (i-pharmaceuticals, i-pesticides).
Phakathi kwamacandelo amathathu oshishino lwenkampani ye-Alpels, ingeniso yokuthengisa yonyaka yezongezo zepolymer yayiyeyona inkulu, ilandelwa yi-catalysts, kunye nengeniso yentengiso yeekhemikhali ezilungileyo yayincinci, kodwa kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ingeniso yokuthengisa yonyaka ye-catalyst. ishishini liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukususela ngo-2008, liye ladlula ishishini lezongezo zepolymer.
Ishishini le-Catalyst lelona candelo loshishino lweArpell.I-Arpels ingowesibini ngobukhulu umthengisi we-hydrotreating catalysts (i-30% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi) kwaye ungomnye wababoneleli abathathu abaphezulu be-catalytic cracking catalyst kwihlabathi.
3. Iikhemikhali zeDow
IDow Chemical yinkampani yeekhemikhali eyohlukeneyo ekomkhulu eMichigan, eMelika, yasekwa ngo-1897 nguHerbert Henry Dow.Isebenza iziseko zemveliso ezingama-214 kumazwe angama-37, ezineentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-5,000 zeemveliso, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwe-10 ezifana neemoto, izinto zokwakha, umbane, kunye namayeza.Kwi-2009, i-Dow ibeka i-127th kwi-Fortune Global 500 kunye ne-34th kwi-Fortune National 500. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-asethi iyonke, yinkampani yeekhemikhali yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, okwesibini kuphela kwi-DuPont Chemical yase-United States;Ngokumalunga nengeniso yonyaka, ikwayinkampani yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, emva kweBASF yaseJamani;Ngaphezulu kwabasebenzi abangama-46,000 kwihlabathi liphela;Ikwahlulwe ngamacandelo e-7 yoshishino ngohlobo lwemveliso: iiPlastiki eziSebenzayo, iiKhemikhali eziSebenzayo, iiSayensi zezoLimo, iiplastiki, iiMichiza eziSisiseko, ii-Hydrocarbons kunye ne-Energy, i-Venture Capital.Ishishini leCatalysts liyinxalenye yecandelo leMichiza eSebenzayo.
Iicatalysts zeDow ziquka: NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst;I-METEOR™ i-catalyst ye-ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol;I-SHAC™ kunye ne-SHAC™ ADT ii-polypropylene catalysts;I-DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol I-catalyst;Ngoyena mvelisi ohamba phambili kwihlabathi wee-polypropylene catalysts.
4. ExxonMobil
I-Exxonmobil yeyona nkampani ye-oyile inkulu kwihlabathi, ikomkhulu layo likwi-Texas, eMelika.Inkampani, eyayisaziwa njenge-Exxon Corporation kunye ne-Mobil Corporation, yadityaniswa kwaye yahlengahlengiswa ngoNovemba 30, 1999. Le nkampani ikwayinkampani engumzali ye-ExxonMobil, i-Mobil kunye ne-Esso kwihlabathi jikelele.
Yasekwa ngo-1882, i-Exxon yeyona nkampani ye-oyile inkulu e-United States kwaye yenye yeenkampani ze-oyile ezisixhenxe ezinkulu nezindala emhlabeni.Yasekwa ngo-1882, iMobil Corporation yinkampani yezizwe ngezizwe ebanzi edibanisa ukuhlola nophuhliso, ukucokisa kunye neshishini lepetrochemical.
I-Exxon kunye neMobil zinekomkhulu elise-Houston, ikomkhulu elisezantsi eFairfax, kunye nekomkhulu leshishini e-Irving, eTexas.I-Exxon iphethe i-70% yenkampani kwaye i-Mobil iphethe i-30%.I-Exxonmobil, ngamahlakani ayo, ngoku isebenza kumazwe amalunga nama-200 kunye nemimandla yehlabathi jikelele kwaye iqeshe abantu abangaphezu kwama-80,000.
Iimveliso eziphambili ze-Exxonmobil ziquka i-oyile kunye negesi, iimveliso ze-oyile kunye neemveliso ze-petrochemical, yi-olefins monomer enkulu kunye nomvelisi we-polyolefin, kuquka i-ethylene, i-propylene, i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene;Ishishini le-catalysts liphethwe yi-ExxonMobil Chemical.I-Exxonmobil Chemical yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amane oshishino: iipolymers, iifilimu zepolymer, iimveliso zekhemikhali kunye netekhnoloji, kwaye ii-catalysts ziyinxalenye yetekhnoloji.
I-UNIVATION, intsebenziswano yama-50-50 phakathi kwe-ExxonMobil kunye ne-Dow Chemical Company, ingabanini be-UNIPOL™ iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-polyethylene kunye ne-UCAT™ kunye ne-XCAT™ ephawulwe nge-polyolefin catalysts.
5. INkampani yeeMveliso ze-Oli ye-UOP Global
Yasekwa ngo-1914 kwaye ikomkhulu layo likwi-Desprine, Illinois, iGlobal Oil Products yinkampani yehlabathi.Ngomhla wama-30 kuNovemba ka-2005, i-UOP yaba yinkampani ephantsi kwe-Honeywell njengenxalenye yeshishini lesicwangciso se-Honeywell's Specialty Materials.
I-UOP isebenza kumacandelo asibhozo: amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye neeChemicals, ii-adsorbents, ii-specialty and custom products, i-petroleum refining, i-Aromatics kunye ne-derivatives, i-alkyl benzene ehambelanayo kunye ne-olefin ephucukileyo, i-olefin ekhanyayo kunye nezixhobo, ukusetyenzwa kwegesi yendalo, kunye neenkonzo.
I-UOP ibonelela ngokuyila, ubunjineli, iinkonzo zokubonisana, iilayisensi kunye neenkonzo, inkqubo yobugcisa kunye nokuveliswa kwee-catalysts, iisefu ze-molecular, ii-adsorbents kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa zokucoca i-petroleum, i-petrochemical kunye ne-gas processing industry, kunye ne-65 ilayisensi yobuchwepheshe ekhoyo.
I-UOP ngoyena mthengisi mkhulu wehlabathi we-zeolite kunye ne-aluminium phosphate zeolite eneemveliso ze-zeolite ezingaphezu kwe-150 zokukhupha amanzi, ukususa umkhondo wokungcola kunye nokwahlulwa kwemveliso yerhasi yokucoca kunye nezinto ezingamanzi.Umthamo wonyaka wemveliso ye-molecular sieve ifikelela kwiitoni ezingama-70,000.Kwintsimi ye-molecular sieve adsorbents, i-UOP ibambe i-70% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi.
I-UOP ikwangoyena mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi we-alumina, kunye neemveliso ezibandakanya i-pseudo-alumina, i-beta-alumina, i-gamma-alumina kunye ne-α-alumina, ibonelela nge-alumina esebenzayo kunye ne-aluminiyam/i-silica-aluminiyam abathwali be-spherical.
I-UOP inamalungelo awodwa omenzi angaphezu kwama-9,000 kwihlabathi liphela kwaye yakhe izixhobo eziphantse zibe yi-4,000 isebenzisa amalungelo awodwa abenzi kumazwe angaphezu kwama-80.Amashumi amathandathu epesenti yepetroli yehlabathi iveliswa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-UOP.Phantse isiqingatha sezinto zokucoca zehlabathi ezinokonakala ziveliswa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-UOP.Kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ezingama-36 zokusulungekisa ezisetyenziswayo ngoku kwishishini leoli, ezingama-31 zaphuhliswa yi-UOP.Okwangoku, i-UOP yenza malunga ne-100 yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-catalyst kunye ne-adsorbent yetekhnoloji elayisenisiweyo kunye nezinye iinkampani, ezisetyenziselwa ukucokisa amasimi anje ngokuguqula, i-isomerization, i-hydrocracking, i-hydrofining kunye ne-oxidative desulphurization, kunye nakwimimandla yepetrochemical kubandakanya ukuveliswa kwearomatics. (benzene, toluene kunye nexylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene kunye necyclohexane.
Ii-catalyst eziphambili ze-UOP ziquka: i-catalyst reforming catalyst, i-C4 isomerization catalyst, i-C5 kunye ne-C6 isomerization catalyst, i-xylene isomerization catalyst, i-hydrocracking catalyst ineentlobo ezimbini ze-hydrocracking kunye ne-mild hydrocracking, i-hydrotreating catalyst, i-oil desulfurization, i-oil desulfurization, i-oil desulfurization kunye nokubuyisela ukucoca adsorbents.
6, Inkampani ye-ART yaseMelika ephucukileyo yeteknoloji yokusulungekisa
I-Advanced Refining Technologies yenziwa kwi-2001 njenge-50-50 ngokubambisana phakathi kweeMveliso ze-Oli ye-Chevron kunye no-Grace-Davidson.I-ART yasekwa ukuze idibanise amandla obuchwepheshe kaGrace kunye neChevron ukuphuhlisa nokuthengisa izixhobo ze-hydrogenation kwishishini lokusulungekisa lehlabathi, kwaye lilelona hlabathi livelisa i-hydrogenation catalyst, libonelela ngaphezu kwe-50% ye-hydrogenation catalysts yehlabathi.
I-ART iqhagamshela iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zayo ngamasebe entengiso kunye nee-ofisi zeGrace Corporation kunye ne-Chevron Corporation kwihlabathi jikelele.
I-ART inezityalo ezine zokuvelisa i-catalyst kunye neziko elinye lophando lwe-catalyst.I-ART yenza i-catalysts ye-hydrocracking, i-hydrocracking ephakathi, i-isomerization dewaxing, i-isomerization reforming kunye ne-hydrofining.
Ii-catalysts eziphambili ziquka i-Isocracking® ye-isomerization, i-Isofinishing® ye-isomerization, i-hydrocracking, i-mild hydrocracking, i-hydrofining, i-hydrotreating, i-hydrotreating eseleyo.
7. Univation Inc
I-Univation, eyasungulwa kwi-1997 kwaye ikomkhulu e-Houston, eTexas, yintsebenziswano ye-50:50 phakathi kwe-ExxonMobil Chemical Company kunye ne-Dow Chemical Company.
I-Univation igxile kakhulu ekudluliseleni itekhnoloji ye-polyethylene evuthayo ye-UNIPOL™ kunye nezinto ezincedayo, kwaye ingoyena mntu ukhokelayo kwihlabathi lelayisenisi yetekhnoloji kunye nomboneleli wehlabathi wee-catalysts kushishino lwepolyethylene.Ingowesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni kunye nomboneleli wezixhobo zokuncedisa i-polyethylene, ethatha i-30% yemarike yehlabathi.Izixhobo zenkampani zenziwa kwindawo yayo yaseMont Belvieu, Seadrift kunye neFreeport eTexas.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-polyethylene ye-Univation, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-UNIPOL™, ngoku inemigca yokuvelisa i-polyethylene engaphezu kwe-100 esebenzayo okanye esakhiwayo kusetyenziswa i-UNIPOL™ kumazwe angama-25, ebalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-25% yetotali yehlabathi.
Ezona zinto zikhuthazayo zezi: 1)UCAT™ chromium catalyst kunye neZiegler-Natta catalyst;2) XCAT™ metallocene catalyst, igama zorhwebo EXXPOL;3)PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst;4)UT™ i-deaeration catalyst.
8. BASF
Ikomkhulu eMunich, eJamani, i-BASF yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zeekhemikhali ezihlanganisiweyo zehlabathi ezineemveliso ezingaphezu kwe-8,000, ezibandakanya iikhemikhali eziphezulu zexabiso, iiplastiki, idayi, iinqwelo zeemoto, ii-agent zokukhusela izityalo, amayeza, iikhemikhali ezintle, ioli kunye negesi.
I-Basf ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi we-maleic anhydride, i-acrylic acid, i-aniline, i-caprolactam kunye ne-styrene enegwebu.Ipolypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl alcohol kunye nezinye iimveliso zibekwe kwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi;I-Ethylbenzene, umthamo wemveliso ye-styrene ukwindawo yesithathu kwihlabathi.I-Basf ngomnye wababoneleli behlabathi bezongezo zokutya, kubandakanya i-mono-vitamins, i-multivitamins, i-carotenoids, i-lysines, i-enzymes kunye nezithinteli zokutya.
I-Basf inamacandelo amathandathu ahlukeneyo oshishino: Amachiza, iiPlastiki, iziSombululo eziSebenzayo, iiMveliso zokuSebenza, imichiza yezoLimo kunye ne-Oyile neGesi.
I-Basf kuphela kwenkampani ehlabathini egubungela lonke ishishini le-catalyst, eneentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zee-catalysts.Ngokukodwa ibandakanya: i-oyile yokucoca i-catalyst (i-FCC catalyst), i-catalyst ye-automotive, i-catalyst yekhemikhali (i-copper chromium catalyst kunye ne-ruthenium catalyst, njl.
I-Basf yeyesibini ngobukhulu kwihlabathi kwii-catalysts ze-FCC, malunga ne-12% yesabelo semakethi yehlabathi sokucokisa ii-catalysts.
9. Inkampani ye-BP yaseBrithani yeoli
I-BP yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu ze-oyile ezihlangeneyo zamazwe ngamazwe ezihlangeneyo eziphezulu nezisezantsi, ezinekomkhulu eLondon, e-UK;Ishishini lale nkampani ligubungela amazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kunye nemimandla, kubandakanywa ukuhlola i-oyile negesi kunye nemveliso, ukucocwa kunye nokuthengisa, amandla avuselelekayo kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili;I-BP yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu oshishino: I-oyile kunye neGesi yokuHlola kunye neMveliso, ukuCociswa kunye nokuThengisa, kunye namanye amashishini (amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye noLwandle).Ishishini le-BP's catalysts liyinxalenye yeCandelo lokuLungisa nokuThengisa.
Iimveliso zePetrochemical ziquka iindidi ezimbini, udidi lokuqala lunevumba elimnandi kunye ne-acetic yeemveliso zechungechunge, ngokukodwa i-PTA, i-PX kunye ne-acetic acid;Udidi lwesibini luyi-olefins kunye ne-derivatives yabo, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa i-ethylene, ipropylene kunye neemveliso eziphuma phantsi.I-PTA ye-BP(eyona nto iphambili ekrwada yokwenziwa kwepolyester), i-PX(eyona nto iphambili ekuvelisweni kwePTA) kunye nomthamo we-acetic acid kwizinga lokuqala emhlabeni.I-BP iphuhlise itekhnoloji yobunini bemveliso ye-PX esekwe kwi-catalyst yayo yobunini be-isomerization kunye netekhnoloji esebenzayo yecrystallization.I-BP ine-teknoloji ehamba phambili ye-patent yokuvelisa i-Cativa® acetic acid.
Ishishini le-BP's olefins kunye ne-derivatives lifumaneka ikakhulu eTshayina naseMalaysia.
10, Sud-Chemie German Southern Chemical Company
Yasekwa ngo-1857, iNkampani yeMichiza yaseMazantsi yinkampani yeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezidweliswe kwizizwe ngezizwe ezineminyaka engaphezu kwe-150 yembali, ikomkhulu layo liseMunich, eJamani.
Inkampani yeNanfang Chemical ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo inabanini beenkampani ezincedisayo ezingama-77, kubandakanywa iinkampani ezi-5 zasekhaya eJamani, iinkampani zangaphandle ezingama-72, ngokulandelelana ziyinxalenye ye-adsorbent kunye ne-catalyst yamacandelo amabini, kwi-petrochemical, ukutya, iimpahla zabathengi, ukuphosa, unyango lwamanzi, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye namanye amashishini ukubonelela nge-catalyst ephezulu yokusebenza, i-adsorbent kunye neemveliso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezisombululo.
Ishishini le-catalyst yeNkampani ye-Nanfang Chemical ikwiCandelo le-catalyst.Eli candelo libandakanya iTekhnoloji yeCatalyst, Amandla kunye nokusiNgqongileyo.
Icandelo leTekhnoloji yeCatalyst lahlulwe yangamaqela amane oshishino lwehlabathi: iikhemikhali zokusabela kweekhemikhali, ii-petrochemical catalysts, izixhobo zokusulungekisa i-oyile kunye ne-polymerization catalysts.
Iindidi ze-catalyst zeNanfang Chemical ikakhulu zibandakanya: i-catalyst yokucoca izinto ezikrwada, i-petroIcatalyst yekhemikhali, i-chemical catalyst, i-oyile yokucoca i-oyile, i-olefin polymerization catalyst, i-catalyst yokucoca umoya, i-fuel cell catalyst.
Qaphela: Okwangoku, iNkampani yeMichiza yaseMzantsi (i-SUD-Chemie) ifunyenwe nguClariant!
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-17-2023
